TECHNICAL NOTE
(Number 39)
D.W. ELECTROCHEMICALS LTD.
70 Gibson Drive, Unit 12
Markham, Ontario
L3R 4C2 CANADA
Phone: (905) 508-7500
Email: dwel@stabilant.com
Effects of Stabilant 22 on Signal Rise Time
Introduction
Stabilant 22 is a contact enhancer for electrical and electronic connectors and switches. It is a liquid polymer (a polyglycol) that forms a protective coating on contact surfaces and enhances the conductivity of the metal to metal contact area. It remains nonconductive except in the microscopic spaces between the contact surfaces, where an electric field gradient allows it to conduct, reducing the overall contact resistance. Stabilant 22 mitigates corrosion and wear problems by a combination of its electrical properties, surfactant action and lubrication ability, providing a single component resident solution to virtually all contact problems.
When applied to electromechanical contacts, Stabilant 22 provides the connection reliability of a soldered joint without bonding the contact surfaces together.
Stabilant products include the concentrate (just Stabilant 22) and alcohol diluted products, Stabilant 22A (with isopropanol), and Stabilant 22E (with ethanol). Each is convenient for particular methods of application, as we describe later.
This Technical Note describes early tests that were done to assess the effects of Stabilant treatment of computer connectors in maintaining or improving signal rise time – a critical factor in the error-free operation of digital systems. We note that high resistance contacts (corroded or damaged) can impair digital signals. This causes delayed clock and data signals, which can push them outside of designed critical timing windows. Failures in memory operations can occur, including (at worst) bit errors (e.g., reading a ‘1’ instead of a ‘0’).
Background
In many "professional" computers the use of socketed integrated circuitsis avoided due to the lower reliability of sockets as compared to soldered connections. I.C. sockets’ contacts have a tendency to generate noise and add extra resistance and capacitance, allowing for signal loss in the contact means, and a slower rise time on waveforms. The latter results from the higher connector resistance together with the combined external and internal capacitance of the I.C. leads (effectively and unwanted lowpass filter that distorts high speed digital signals).
Hypothesis
If the resistance in the I.C. Socket to I.C. pin contact means could be kept at a low level or lowered to that of a new I.C. Socket, then the rise time could be kept within the specifications necessary to maintain the effectiveness of critically timed signals.
Method
An old and unreliable S-100 type 64k memory board (DRAM I.C.’s) was set up on a connector extender in a Z-80 based computer, and measurements were made of the rise time of the chip refresh signals using a very high impedance low capacitance probe. The measurements were made:
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On the contact where it was soldered to the circuit board (on the back of the board) and,
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to the I.C. pin itself using needle sharp spring loaded probes so as not, in the latter case, to disturb the seating of the I.C. in its socket.
The measurements were made before and after the application of Stabilant to the I.C. contacts. The procedure was duplicated on 10 of the memory chips.
Results
Upon using the Stabilant 22 contact treatment, there was an average reduction in rise time of 40% with one contact having a reduction of 70% in its signal rise time. The board, which had hitherto been unreliable, now functioned properly once all I.C.'s were treated.
Conclusions
The tests demonstrate that in the case of Dynamic Memory I.C.'s, the reduction in rise time could well be the difference between having the I.C. perform acceptably, and failures (persistent or intermittent).
Comments
Some manufacturers may decide not to require soldered-in I.C.'s (which would have ensured reliability), as the cost of repairing boards with bad I.C.'s could be reduced by using easily replaced units. This may cut parts costs, as lower cost I.C.'s might be employed in manufacturing, under the assumption that replacement of marginal I.C.’s should be uncommon.
Stabilant treatment of socketed I.C.’s improves the economics of repairs vs. time of serviceability. One precaution should be observed, however, in application methods.
In very high speed (fast rise time) memory applications, one may encounter high pin counts with closely spaced leads. It must be remembered that the capacitance between adjacent contacts is increased by any Stabilant residue on the socket insulation.
This may be negligible, considering the reduced resistance of the contact, but this is not certain in very high speed applications. It may be necessary to remove the I.C.'s, then apply the Stabilant only to the metal contacts themselves. This can be accomplished by using a piece of thin felt (saturated with Stabilant 22A) as a multi-pin applicator.
Remember, only a very thin film of Stabilant is needed and is only required to be on the metal contact surfaces. We advise this care in avoiding excess in other situations:
Very high impedance circuits with low voltage and current are sensitive to leakage currents. Stabilant exposed on insulator surfaces is more prone to absorbing moisture from ambient humidity than the insulation of sockets, PCB’s and conformal coatings.
In the opposite extreme, where high voltages (e.g., over 100V) are present between conductors or contacts, we likewise recommend this precaution to prevent leakage current or arcing between conductors
NATO Identification for military procurement
CAGE (NATO Supplier Code) for D.W. Electrochemicals Ltd: 38948
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5ml Stabilant 22 (Concentrate) NATO Stock Number 5999-20-002-1112
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15ml Stabilant 22 (Concentrate) NATO Stock Number 5999-21-909-9981
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15ml Stabilant 22A (Isopropanol Diluted) NATO Stock Number 5999-21-900-6937
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15ml Stabilant 22E (Ethanol Diluted) NATO Stock Number 5999-21-909-9984
Stabilant products are patented. Because the patents cover contacts treated with the material a Point-of-Sale license is granted with each sale of the material
SAFETY DATA SHEETS ARE AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
NOTICE
This data has been supplied for information purposes only. While to our knowledge it is accurate, users should determine the suitability of the material for their application by running their own tests. Neither D.W. Electrochemicals Ltd., their distributors, or their dealers assume any responsibility or liability for damages to equipment and/or consequent damages, howsoever caused, based on the use of this information. This document is based on the work of William M. Wright, with updates by D.W.E. staff and including publicly available data from industry and customers.
Stabilant, Stabilant 22, and product type variations thereof are Trademarks of D.W. Electrochemicals Ltd. © Copyright 2023 - D.W. Electrochemicals Ltd. Printed in Canada